Evaluation Of Self Manage Learning Approach Education Essay

There are many larning methods to take from. One of them best understanding techniques sing peculiar and professional life development are Self-managed learning attacks and Life-long acquisition attacks ( LLL ) . The followers we are sing the rating connected with Self-managed apprehension.Evaluation of Self-manage larning attack:Before coming into the profession sphere, people truly should convey the nice extent connected with assurance which frequently retains them inspired for their work. Self-managed apprehension techniques play a large bend in making this self-confidence interior of. As shortly as people recognize what they may be skilled at, that they start giving more clip on that will sector. SML aids the staff throughout calculating out their peculiar know-how countries and actuate these to variety their peculiar career on it. Diligence originates on the watercourse every bit shortly as an single loves his/her calling. The existent planned method throughout SML AIDSs staff to be able to plot their peculiar apprehension utilizing methods and that they besides must concentrate much more on future demands at the. Gary the appliance cat. Most advanced engineering. The existent employees should be able to confront fluctuations inside group at the. Gary the appliance cat. When a fresh new goods and services is really announced. With this method the employees should come to recognize their peculiar duties and they ‘re traveling to put their peculiar attempt much more outstandingly and really good. The existent course of study cost-free method specifies that the employees perform get expertness by the rudimentss and dreams of the coevalss plus the group entirely.Undertaking 1.2Wayss to promote womb-to-tomb acquisition of the employees:A ratting in order to we now have many methods lifelong understanding on the staff throughout professional and peculiar life may be encouraged. Let ‘s look into a few methods to promote womb-to-tomb understanding on the staff throughout professional life: The staff should be required services and conferences to make these persons adapted while utilizing the wholly new devices or engineerings which are on brands usage of by the corporation. The decision makers truly should speak to the staff to measure whenever they are content with their peculiar calling of class, if they may be in your caput organized for it. The organisations can offer the college cost to be able to the employees that do n't even hold a making. The staff may be made available cost-free papers preparations. Let ‘s look into a few methods to promote womb-to-tomb understanding on the staff throughout peculiar life: The staff may be given duties to seek and make like a aggregation. They can analyze on one another and understand a few truths throughout wholly new attacks. It ‘s the director ‘s calling to maintain the employees motivated on the work. The existent employees may be called or short occupation interviews or single direction utilizing decision makers to be able to excite these persons. Particular apprehension is dependent upon work forces and adult females. It depends on each and every staff members the sum they may understand from carbon monoxide employees or decision makers.Undertaking 1.3Benefits of self-managed acquisition:SLM method could be the best apprehension for merely about any member of staff to construct up his career like a corporation peculiar individual. On any work industries, assurance are needed to turn up that has a really good standing. Self-managed understanding provides a work force that wills assurance. Simply because by manner of self-managed understanding staff learn mostly off their activities. These people get to cognize what they may be proficient at, whereby they are able to give their full capacity effectivity. It ‘s really of import sing the two members of staff and corporation that the single member of staff is really given duties throughout his/her know-how topographic point. The existent staffs besides need to bask their peculiar calling in the event they want to give their peculiar 100 % enterprises indoors. Via Self-managed understanding staff survey on their peculiar co-workers, their peculiar decision makers. Supervisors act as mentoring employees in this peculiar procedure. These people discuss with the member of staff what they may be sing sing their peculiar duties. The existent staffs in add-on receive possibility to give their peculiar reappraisals sing any wholly new engineerings or ware the organisation has ended proceeding. SML ever additions the two workers plus the corporation. It provides the organisation that has an assured set of workers that know about their peculiar ability. The corporation in add-on extends to acknowledge how efficient his worker s may be at different duties.Undertaking 2.1Required accomplishments and competences required for client helpers:One of the purchaser assistants a few expertnesss are indispensable prior to the organisational aims and professional outlooks. Interpersonal Communication Skill: Antic public conversation proficiency is required. Conversation proficiency is defined as split in to a twosome expertises. There ‘re: O Speaking accomplishment: A antic communication proficiency is required one of many purchaser helpers to be able to acquire in touch with the clients can utilize along with other employees. Most people hold the same problem them to be non able to explicate truth such method that will everybody knows. Buyer Assistants ought to be detailed and apprehensible for your clients. o Listening Skill: Jamming proficiency is n't traveling to stipulate merely listening ; what ‘s more, it signifies groking what is being said. Buyer plus truly should hold a really good hearing proficiency. They ought to find what the clients can utilize state or bespeaking at the first illustration. Pull offing Skill: Buyer helpers besides have to manage different state of affairss clip and energy to clip period. These people should be able to manage those people state of affairss easy and success. That ‘s the ground the humble taking attention of proficiency is required. Adaptability: Daily new merchandises and engineerings are now being used at each and every group. Buyer plus truly should can accommodate these persons throughout highly speedy clip period. Oahu is the versatility which frequently specifies the nucleus power on the employees.Undertaking 2.2Possible development demands for the same class of workers:You ‘ll happen ever a few countries to develop. The existent workers inside same category may hold a few development demands. Let ‘s look into the executable development demands for your same category of workers plus the actions forced to carry through these persons: Intercommunication Skill: The existent intercommunication proficiency between your same category workers may be developed. It is really needed for same aggregation staff member to cognize one another to run the occupation motion. They should be really clear with each other. Adaptability: Similar category workers truly should accommodate the occupation theoretical account and motion of each and every extra right off. A same project can affect a figure of workers and machines. The existent workers on the same aggregation should be cognizant the fact that machines map and should accommodate while utilizing the wholly new engineerings. Committedness: The existent workers ought to be dedicated to look at their full capacity that can assist one another at work. For that corporation to develop it is important that the employees are really helpful together.Undertaking 2.3Development chances and the activities required to run into them:I have already been touching John concluding a few times and we ‘ve talked about the development chances sing your ex along with other single employees. Many of us, jointly, are constructing a peculiar development scheme ( PDP ) sing your ex. They have besides been working at Tesco mark in the community connected with Structure Hamlet like a purchaser plus sing concluding 8 a few months. Via an extended conversation we ‘ve determined from which industries John believes you ‘ll happen opportunity for your ex to develop. There ‘re: Pull offing different state of affairs: John senses a spot discerning at times every bit shortly as he ‘s got to manage unannounced state of affairss. He senses that they are n't able to confront those people state of affairss. Sometimes the retail merchant director has got to can be found in entryway to pull off those people state of affairss sing your ex. John believes in the event he or she and his co-workers acquire some good much more preparations sing the manner to manage these sort of eldritch state of affairs, that will present the assurance in that individual. Listening Skill: The clients are from different path record utilizing different characteristic. John senses at times he ‘s got a tough clip groking what a few clients are bespeaking. He believes he or she needs to execute progressively more listening preparation to be able to different characteristics. The existent SML method may assist at this clip. He believes he can better the hearing proficiency through discoursing with people connected with different characteristic every bit shortly as he could be outside. Talking Skill: John does n't truly experience any lack connected with pass oning expertness throughout your ex. Although he or she believes in the event he can larn a small spot of basic words from extra front-runner ‘languages ‘ throughout Liverpool, he can steer the clients can utilize much more. He believes this proficiency may be greater perchance by the group giving them short phrase list to analyze or through themself seeking to larn from the people because geting a few gratifying clip period together every bit shortly as he could be traveling out inside diversion country or sites prefer that.Undertaking 2.4The jobs take into consideration although making the right and professional development scheme is really discovered and discussed down below: First job, Just about all single employees should be straightforward utilizing themselves. They have to do clear their peculiar lacking and attempt and work on those people. Identifying the demands plus the aims inside group work sector at the. Gary the appliance cat. Require connected with experient and professional staff, enhance throughout markets, beginnings for illustration personal computing machines and so forth. Supervisors from all concern units truly should steer seeking the aims and explicate these to the employees. Finding out at that place the extra staffs ‘ experience and expertness to run into up with the demands connected with disposal crew. It ‘s really of import to fix Conferences, Classes, and preparations to further better up the expertness. Another antic job could be the development charge ; the proportion which the staff are set uping. It could be obtained with development assignments where by different duties and clip period agenda on their behalf may be given. Forces can acknowledge how well they have moved on through sing the complete duties. Finally, the existent staff should be reasonable sing their peculiar given duties. They have to go distinct to run into up with the disposal demands and their peculiar development demands.Undertaking 3.1Procedures and activities required to implement the development program:Talking over jointly we and John possess made a list of processs and actions which frequently are necessary to implement the development scheme. There ‘re: Finding a mark clip frame: It ‘s really of import to be able to get down a clip frame when the execution on the scheme ought to be happening. Measuring the accomplishments, abilities, and cognition: One more critical procedure and exercising would be to mensurate the expertness, abilities and cognition of single employees merely like John. For case, John is designed for some type of computing machine absolutely and there ‘s surely one of his co-worker that is non that well really good utilizing computing machine. In the event that every bit are called to seek and make the same project on computing machine their peculiar timeframe to seek and make the occupation are n't traveling to be same. Learning Schemes: The existent employees ought to be given duties because aggregation and encouraged to look at SML because their peculiar apprehension method. In this mode they will accommodate the radical apprehension right off. Learning Resources: Understanding beginnings may be text editions, instruction paperwork, computing machine and so forth. The staff should be effectual equal brand usage of the beginnings to set up to be able to implement the development scheme. Geting feedbacks: Feedbacks are a powerful manner to measure the promotion on the member of staff. It ‘s really of import to judge the design and map a spot client study to acquire the effectivity on the staff above the thought.Undertaking 3.2Undertake and papers development activities as plannedThe existent Prepared development actions are because stick to: Training the employees: The existent staffs are educated utilizing a undertaking dependent work and duly clip frame. With the instruction they have discovered wholly new techniques and utilizing the beginnings they have discovered to be able to accommodate to the radical ideas rapidly. Forming the survey groups: The existent staffs are split in to research communities. The existent staffs making work in the same sector is in the same aggregation so they can work on their peculiar professional countries jointly. Mentoring and Oversing: The existent staff are mentored and administered by the decision makers plus the trade name decision makers. They ‘ve kept really good face for the staff to find their peculiar promotion on their ain so when friends. Consultation: Soon after each and every aggregation project is performed the staff receive treatment off their trade name decision makers sing their peculiar effectivity and what they have to execute heighten their peculiar gait and truth.Undertaking 3.3Critically measuring the staff larning against original purposes and aims set in the development program:Self-managed apprehension, by manner of my personal expression at, provides each staff members a peculiar cognition about what the organisation needs from them. These people get to cognize what this company is really low in for illustration experient workers. Via subscribing to the aggregation direction it assists these persons groking the radical attacks running a concern and so they receive adapt to these persons really easy. Via this technique in add-on, they can analyze on their peculiar co-workers. Therefore, the thought provides these persons the liability to get the hang merely about every 2nd. Additionally they provide the option implement their peculiar ideas speaking about while utilizing the trade name decision makers through the treatment Sessionss. The most good subdivision of this understanding method is really that they do n't hold to research text editions ; they are able to analyze on persons all over these persons. Therefore, in my expression at Self-managed apprehension is frequently an effectual manner to construct up the staff for his or her peculiar and professional life.Undertaking 3.4Suitability of updating the PDP:The existent feedbacks and in-progress rating provided by the decision makers and trade name decision makers ought to be consumed really critically plus the PDP connected with John along with other work forces and adult females ought to be up-to-date on the footing of those people feedbacks and rating. The existent feedbacks and testimonies demonstrate the industries where by John demands to have developed and to boot, there are reappraisals sing his powerful proficiency ind ustries excessively. With the feedbacks, John is really missing is really conversation and versatility. Therefore, right now John is cognizant what he or she needs to work on progressively more. He should heighten his conversation proficiency and expression at acquiring effortless while utilizing the wholly new engineerings. Increasing the versatility may really good be a tough project sing your ex however he can in add-on have the feedbacks from his trade name director after holding a certain clip period. Therefore, it is rather ideal to be able to update the PDP connected with John based on the feedbacks and in-progress testimonies he ‘s got acquired. He needs to put enterprises to hold better feedbacks when. Will assist you your ex acquiring progressively experienced and it will likewise steer your ex acquiring particular offers.Undertaking 4.1Solutions to work-based jobs:Through the PDP I bought a few work dependent troubles for illustration sing a short clip My spouse and I has been sing bored stiff making the government dependant is effectual each twenty-four hours. Therefore, My spouse and I wanted my personal trade name director give us some more answerabilities. This excess some more duties in my calling. I ‘d to be effectual harder. Although my spouse and I have been pleased with the thought sing that the humdrum has been absent from us. The following problem my spouse and I has been traveling through has been pass oning while utilizing the cat people connected with my personal aggregation. The existent people were from different coevals. My spouse and I tried blowing a spot more clip period while utilizing the common people people. Which helped us a whole batch acquiring together with these persons? One more problem I bought has been surely one of my personal aggregation associate has been really hapless utilizing computing machine expertness. Once we were given duties related to computing machine many of us were reasoning subsequently. My spouse and I made available your ex to show your ex a few lessons on computing machine proficiency within merely my personal expertness. He lief contracted and within merely a short while he or she developed a whole batch. These are by and large many of the troubles my spouse and I experienced in the class of PDP and my spouse and I could decide these persons at the same clip.Undertaking 4.2There are assorted manners of communicating e.g. verbal, non-verbal, preverbal etc. But in order to pass on with assorted degrees at work I think self-asserting communicating manner is the best 1. The typical Supervisors can acquire in touch with the decision makers by manner of this manner giving wholly new waies and besides showing respect for them. The existent decision makers can supply orders on the purchaser helpers along with other staff throughout aggressive manner. Via this manner the heads on the group can acquire in touch with the lowest most well-thought-of member of staff on the group. Every individual can larn every clip wholly new ware is traveling to be released. Merely about every employee truly experience their peculiar significance inside corporation. This difficult drives these to work harder. There are many much more communications fluctuations used through the work for illustration mark linguistic communication. Although those people are merely merely through the is effectual. In order to acquire in touch with different phase, I do believe aggressive conversation method is the foremost a individual.Undertaking 4.3Time Management:Occasion disposal is frequently a tough project. This ought to be done by holding a prepared manner. While I have already been given the responsibility to remain demand on the trade name for your 7 yearss, I ‘ve got to manage my personal work clip period. I ‘ve got to go really economical although picking out my personal transportation clip period. I ‘ve got to direct from the entryway through the busy clip period on the clip. Let me besides have to manage some clip agenda to offer the employees a brilliant economical work displacements to be effectual alongside one another. As I was the trade name director for your 7 yearss, I want to seek the advice of the radical employees to measure right now there effectivity and My spouse and I in add-on truly should blend up the clip period agenda to show these persons a manner to work with more experient and effectual employees. The existent work-loads, my spouse and I should seek to part throughout a smart manner that the experient workers are working for the most hard duties plus the extra workers understand from them.

Exxon Mobil

Exxon Mobil: Stakeholders Theory What should be the role adopted by the Government to discourage profiteering by large organizations? ExxonMobil is an American oil and gas corporation and a direct descendant of John D. Rockerfeller’s Standard Oil Company. The mereger of Exxon and Mobil on Novermber 30, 1999 led to the formation of ExxonMobil which is the worlds largest company by revenue. ExxonMobil operate facilities or market products in most of the world’s countries and explore for oil and natural gas on six continents. The case: ExxonMobil has drawn criticism from the environmental lobby for funding organizations critical of the Kyoto Protocol and skeptical of the scientific opinion that global warming is caused by the burning of fossil fuels. According to The Guardian, ExxonMobil has funded, among other groups skeptical of global warming, the Competitive Enterprise Institute, George C. Marshall Institute, Heartland Institute, Congress on Racial Equality, TechCentralStation. com, and International Policy Network. ExxonMobil's support for these organizations has drawn criticism from the Royal Society, the academy of sciences of the United Kingdom. The Union of Concerned Scientists released a report in 2007 accusing ExxonMobil of spending $16 million, between 1998 and 2005, towards 43 advocacy organizations which dispute the impact of global warming. The report argued that ExxonMobil used disinformation tactics similar to those used by the tobacco industry in its denials of the link between lung cancer and smoking, saying that the company used â€Å"many of the same organizations and personnel to cloud the scientific understanding of climate change and delay action on the issue. ExxonMobil has been reported as having plans to invest up to US$100m over a ten year period in Stanford University's Global Climate and Energy Project. In August 2006, the Wall Street Journal revealed that a YouTube video lampooning Al Gore, titled Al Gore's Penguin Army, appeared to be astroturfing by DCI Group, a Washington PR firm with ties to ExxonMobil. The recent scenario: In January 2007, the company appeared to change its position, when vice pr esident for public affairs Kenneth Cohen said â€Å"we know enough now—or, society knows enough now—that the risk is serious and action should be taken. Cohen stated that, as of 2006, ExxonMobil had ceased funding of the Competitive Enterprise Institute and â€Å"‘five or six' similar groups†. While the company did not publicly state which the other similar groups were, a May 2007 report by Greenpeace does list the five groups it stopped funding as well as a list of 41 other climate skeptic groups which are still receiving ExxonMobil funds. On February 13, 2007, ExxonMobil CEO Rex W. Tillerson acknowledged that the planet was warming while carbon dioxide levels were increasing, but in the same speech gave an unqualified defense of the oil industry and predicted that hydrocarbons would dominate the world’s transportation as energy demand grows by an expected 40 percent by 2030. Tillerson stated that there is no significant alternative to oil in coming decades, and that ExxonMobil would continue to make petroleum and natural gas its primary products. A survey carried out by the UK's Royal Society found that in 2005 ExxonMobil distributed $2. m to 39 groups that the society said â€Å"misrepresented the science of climate change by outright denial of the evidence†. On July 1, 2009, the Guardian newspaper revealed that ExxonMobil has continued to fund organizations including the National Center for Policy Analysis (NCPA) along with the Heritage Foundation, despite a public pledge to cut support of lobby groups who deny climate change. ExxonMobil's envir onmental record has been a target of critics from outside organizations such as Greenpeace as well as some institutional investors who disagree with its stance on global warming. The Political Economy Research Institute ranks ExxonMobil sixth among corporations emitting airborne pollutants in the United States. The ranking is based on the quantity (15. 5 million pounds in 2005) and toxicity of the emissions. In 2005, ExxonMobil had committed less than 1% of their profits towards researching alternative energy, less than other leading oil companies. Stakeholder: Stakeholders are entities who are directly or indirectly associated with any organisation. Any decision made by the organisation , good or bad is bound to have some effect on all of these. Stakeholders are either internal to the organisation or they may be external to the organisation. Internal stakeholders are employees, trade unions, customers , suppliers, competitors. External stakeholders are shareholders , government authorities, regulators, NGOs, pressure grps etc . ExxonMobil Statements: Environment It is our long-standing policy to conduct business in a manner that considers both the environmental and economic needs of the communities in which we operate. We seek to drive incidents with environmental impact to zero, and to operate in a manner that is not harmful to the environment. Health ExxonMobil supports programs targeted to worldwide health issues because we believe that good health is a springboard to opportunity, achievement and development. Health support falls into several categories, the fight against global health pandemics, support for medical centers/hospitals, health education and health-care delivery, health and the environment, and health-related research. Safety We are  committed to conducting our business in a manner that protects the safety and health of our employees, contractors, customers, and the public. We strive for an incident-free workplace and have set a global safety and health goal of zero injuries and illnesses. We believe that our commitment to safe, secure, and incident-free operations will contribute to improved operations reliability, lower costs, and higher productivity. Our worldwide spending includes contributions to nonprofit organizations as well as funds invested in social projects through various joint-venture arrangements, production-sharing agreements, projects operated by others, and contractual social bonus arrangements. In 2007, Exxon Mobil Corporation, its divisions and affiliates, and the ExxonMobil Foundation provided a combined $173. 8 million in cash, goods, and services worldwide. (excerpts from the official website of the ExxonMobil Corporation: www. exxonmobil. com ) Hence we observe that what the company say and what they practice in real life are two different things altogether. But recently,it has been a contributor to environmental causes as the company donated $6. 6 million to environmental and social groups in 2007. Stakeholders of ExxonMobil: [pic] Customers: The environment at large suffered due to ExxonMobil’s unethical methods. The company was openly disdainful of the theory that fossil fuels were a major contributor to global warming. The company states that, â€Å"It is our long-standing policy to conduct business in a manner that considers both the environmental and economic needs of the communities in which we operate. We seek to drive incidents with environmental impact to zero, and to operate in a manner that is not harmful to the environment. † But we can conclude that the company isn’t practicing what it says. The company used same methods employed by tobacco companies and hence like the former harmed the environment and the community at large in order to earn maximum profit. Shareholders: The shareholders are the owners of the company and thus have to bare the brunt as well. The shareholders were pressurizing the company to invest more in alternative fuels but the company rejected the idea and hence the shareholders had to face the criticism that the company faced as well due to the company’s use of unethical practices in order to maximize its profit. Special interest groups: The groups which partenered with ExxonMobil (43 gropus) received a lot of criticism from various other groups for misrepresenting their work and aiding in the ruining of the environment by publishing articles that questioned global warming theories. For eg: Sallie Baliunas, an astrophysicist based at Stanford University Hoover Institution (it received 300. 000 USD from the company since 1998) stated in her study that temperatures haven’t changed since significantly over the past millennia and this article was rebutted by no less than 13 other scientists. They said such institutions or people mis-represent or cherry-pick the facts in an attempt to mislead the media an the people. Thus the integrity of such organizations is questioned in the future and the media and people become wary of other studies by other organizations due to a handful of these institutions which aide in misleading the society at large. Competitors: The competitors of ExxonMobil such as Shell and BP followed the Koyoto protocol and dropped out of Global Climate Coalition, an industry group which questioned the Global warming theory. The company faced further criticism cause of its unethical practices and ignorance over such environmental issues and this aided the competitors which received positive reviews from the media in 1998. The role Government can play: The small but effective amount of money invested by the company allowed to fuel doubt over global warming to delay Government action just as Big Tobacco did for over 40 years. Some of the people from the tobacco industries are said to have helped the oil giant in its unethical practices. The government should be more alert and form rules and regulations against such malpractices. Lawmakers who support reduction and limitation of green house gases emissions should be given more authority and stern action should be taken against companies such as ExxonMobil for spreading false information and hence playing havoc with the environment. ExxonMobil has been criticized by major environmental advocacy groups. In 2003, Greenpeace listed Exxon as #1 Climate Criminal. Exxon's alleged crimes include the sabotage of efforts to deal with climate change, the fraudulent manipulation of peer reviewed scientific studies and organizations, misleading and outright lying to the population of the USA, its government officials and the global community in general. The company donated a large sum of money towards environmental issues in 2007 but it will take more than that to uplift the image of the company in the eyes of the environmentalists and the population. The company is still ranks #1 in the world in net income which shows that the government keep a check on such companies or the extent of the malpractices might escalate in the future. bibliography: wikipedia exxon mobil

My Dad: My Mentor and Guide

Commemorative Speech Good morning every one I want to start by asking you this What is your definition of a great man? Is it a man that goes above and beyond to provide for his family and loved ones? Or is it a man that teaches u invaluable lessons in life every chance that he gets, Or is it a man that faces difficulties and always manage to light a smile on your face and prove to you that there’s in fact a silver lining in behind dark clouds? I think all these traits make up a great man and I have the honor to call one of them my father, Venancio Ang.He was born in the Southern Part of the Philippines, Davao City. His mom was that of a Spanish Descendant and His dad was Chinese, which makes him a Chinoy. â€Å"Which means Chinese Filipino† My dad has taught me great lessons in life, and I am here because I want to share with you about all the lessons in life he has taught me and the most valuable which I kept with me and the type of inspiration he gave my family. I wan t to start of with the lessons in life, like I said there were many of them but the one that really stuck to me was hard work, and family.Hard work, without hard work you don’t reach your goals, and that/s something my dad would always tell me. My dad was all about using this and using these. And he would do it on a constant basis, all day every day 24/7. And he taught my brother and I what it is to really work hard for what you want in life and how good you feel after you see the fruits of your labor. And finally, Family. I’m grateful to be brought up in such a kind and loving family. Growing up my dad used to always tell me that a family is where home is.Which is very true, because when I go through life’s challenges the first thing I think of is them. He has taught me how important foundation is in order to keep me grounded. My dad always used to say, â€Å"Twirly, remember at the end of the day it all comes down to family. † This world isn’t ea sy. And our lives are defined by how we respond in adversity. The greatest among us overcome trials and seek to learn from them. Without family I wouldn’t be the person I am today.My dad, a God fearing man who has taught me so many more lessons in life that I wish I could share with you if there was given time. He is my backbone and friend. He has taught me the value of working hard and pursuing lasting significance over worldly success. I highly respect my father for who he is and what he stands for in life. He truly is a God given gift to my family and everybody else who’s lives he’s touched. I am grateful to be brought up by a father like him and he has truly set the kind of example a father should have.

Leading and Training a Team Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Leading and Training a Team - Essay Example A., & Zaccaro S. J. 1992). This definition has the virtue of generality. It does not limit the leadership concept to formally appointed functionaries or to individuals whose influence potential rests upon the voluntary consent of others. Rather, it is applicable to all interpersonal relationships in which influence attempts are involved. Relationships as apparently diverse as the superior-subordinate, the staff-line, the consultant-client, the salesman-customer, the teacher-student, the counselor-counselee, the husband-wife, or the parent-child are all seen as involving leadership. Thus here we will discuss leadership skills and training contribution towards teamwork. I believe, Training can typically be clustered into two categories with distinctly different content orientations: (a) task, knowledge, and skill-based training designed to provide the individual with the attributes necessary to effectively interact and utilize the hardware capabilities of a system; and (b) attitude, expectation, and perception-based training designed to provide the individual with the attributes necessary with which to effectively interact and utilize the human and social attributes of a system. Effective Leaders has the capability to offer voluntary vision and motivation to employees (Ehrenberg, R.G. and R.S. Smith. 1994). A leader values the self-esteem of the individual moreover distinguish the significance and control of freedom. They work to persuade, convince, and guide others to a vision of what desires to be done, and, in so doing, make dedication towards that vision. By doing this, leaders are capable to provoke, infuse, and motivate others with inspiration to carry out the view or vision. Leadership integrates an extensive vision of the circumstances that has deference for the forces at play, for inner capabilities of the supporters and self-reliance in and recognition of one's own position in showing those capabilities. To offer leadership, then, is for a person to distinguish all of the essentials of the circumstances and to be capable to release the leadership prospective in it to make somewhat happen. Leaders are extremely excellent at inspiring their team's feeling, raising their prospect, and intriguing them in new directions. Though, leaders usually endure from neuroses and have a propensity toward egotism and concern (Katzenbach, J. R., & Smith, D. K. 1993). Leadership is established not simply on grand events, though. Nor is it constantly carries out on a large scale by people officially accepted as leaders. Leadership can be applied at all stages not simply by managers and supervisors although also by peers and individuals, at times in ways that persuades those with much greater recognized power. Leadership simply takes place while others keenly implement, for a phase of time, the aims of a group as their own. therefore, leadership disquiets building unified and objective leaning teams; there is a fundamental and definitional connection linking leadership and employee's performance. (b)YOUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE STEPS INVOLVED IN THE SYSTEMATIC TRAINING CYCLE Training has typically been micro in its team orientation, with a center on

A Survey of the Current State of Security in Smartphones Term Paper

A Survey of the Current State of Security in Smartphones - Term Paper Example This is why they have found their way into our everyday activities, and entrust them with our most valuable information. The down side to this is that since these technologies are used by people everyday and hold our most important information, they are also extremely prone to attacks. Personal computers can be hacked, or could get viruses and spyware, while networks are the target of security breaches, and of course, smartphones can be attacked as well. These technologies are targets for the same reason we use them; they are capable of running our lives. Nowadays, you can do banking from your home or phone. You can transfer bank funds via your network, you can keep the passwords of your utilities in your Smartphone, and you can also keep track of your stocks and other assets through these methods as well. Attacks come in different forms and target different kinds of information. This paper will focus on one of the above mentioned technologies, the smart phones, it will look at the k inds of attacks that could affect a smartphone, and look at current literature regarding available security options for smartphones. This paper will concentrate on smartphones and it will dig deeper into the current status of smartphone security. It will be discussed as: What is a smartphone? Discussion of literature regarding attacks on smartphones Discussion of literature regarding security options for smartphones. ... on a personal digital assistant or a computer.† This means that technically, smartphone is a miniature personal computer or laptop that is able to make calls because according to the article, â€Å"A smartphone also offers the ability to send and receive e-mail and edit Office documents, for example.† These kinds of features allow us to do banking, social networking, communication of multiple methods, and asset management through these devices. This is normally used and abused by business owners and company managers that need to bring their work wherever they go, or by entrepreneurs and free-lance employees and contractors as they may get work orders at any given time. These functions are very useful for people on the move on a regular basis, and even for people who feel the need to stay connected on a regular basis but as advanced these functions may be, they are also more prone to attacks such as viruses and spyware. When comparing regular phones to smartphones, althou gh smartphones generally have more capabilities, they are also much more prone to receiving and being affected by viruses, as some older phones either are not able to receive viruses or even if they do receive them, most to not have the ability to run them. Discussion of literature regarding attacks on smartphones As we know, there are many different smartphones, using different operating systems, with different interfaces and applications, and as previously mentioned, there may be just as many ways of attacking these smartphones. This part of the paper aims to discus current literature regarding the certain kinds of treats and attacks that smartphones are normally vulnerable to. This particular portion also would like to touch on some of the reasons why smartphones get infected or become targets of

No Tolerance Disciplinary Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

No Tolerance Disciplinary Policy - Essay Example The No Tolerance Disciplinary Policies are usually a last resort to resolve the issue and show the degree of importance the organization places on the specific issues discussed in them. Organizations must take strict action against the offenders so that others are discouraged from doing such an act again. The offenders should be given a chance to defend themselves but if they are unable to provide proper justification for their actions then they would bear the punishment placed on them by the administration (Holloway, 2007). Actions which would result in the No Tolerance Disciplinary Action to be taken upon them could be ranked as: 1) Offences to the organization; 2) Offences to employees. Offences to the organization includes cheating on work, stealing from the organization, not following the rules and regulations of the organization and other similar actions which could in any way damage the organization's standing or cause disrepute to the organization's name would be dealt with harshly and swiftly. Offences to other employees involve using foul language in the office place, committing sexual harassment, using racial terms or comments against fellow employees.

Answer this question Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Answer this question - Assignment Example 1. Their bodies were short and stockier compared to humans. This characteristic is because of the environments the inhabited. The cold conditions were responsible for their body statue. ("Neanderthals Characteristics Search") 2. The metric analysis is applied to bones remains to study them. This analysis involves using a standard requirements recorded for measuring of sizes of bones. In this situation, one would access the bones and try and date the time of their existence ("Spoilheap Archaeology"). The hole in his vertebrae through which the spinal cord goes has only half as those for regular humans. It explained that they lacked the fine motor control to control speech and were not eloquent like humans. 2. Reproduction involves the formation of gametes. The gametes have half chromosomes from the father and half from the mother. It ensures the newly formed species is different from the mother and father(variation). Sexual selection is the differential variances in male and female mating success. Males have higher variances than

Linux vs HP-UNIX Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Linux vs HP-UNIX - Essay Example "A single class of process is a feasible approach in Plan 9 because the kernel has an efficient system call interface and cheap process creation and scheduling." (Pike et al) Bell Labs: The kernel support for parallel programming in Plan 9 is a few hundred lines of portable code; a handful of simple primitives enable the problems to be handled cleanly at user level. Although the primitives work fine from C, they are particularly expressive from within Alef. The creation and management of slave I/O processes can be written in a few lines of Alef, providing the foundation for a consistent means of multiplexing data flows between arbitrary processes. (Pike et al) Bell Labs UNIX is a "multi-tasking OS, which means that there may be many programs and many programs and people using the same machine at the same time, by using the concept of a virtual machine". (Seth Noble, 2005) Linux's bottom half handlers were invented so that device drivers and other parts of the Linux kernel could queue work to be done later on. Figure 11.1 shows the kernel data structures associated with bottom half handling. Bottom Half Handling Figure 11.1: Bottom Half Handling Data Structures There can be up to 32 different bottom half handlers; bh_base is a vector of pointers to each of the kernel's bottom half handling routines. bh_active and bh_mask have their bits set according to what handlers have been installed and are active. If bit N of bh_mask is set then the Nth element of bh_base contains the address of a bottom half routine. If bit N of bh_active is set then the N'th bottom half handler routine should be called as soon as the scheduler deems reasonable. These indices are statically defined; the timer bottom half handler is the highest priority (index 0), the console bottom half handler is next in priority (index 1) and so on. Typically the bottom half handling routines have lists of tasks associated with them. For example, the immediate bottom half handler works its way through the immediate tasks queue (tq_immediate) which contains tasks that need to be performed immediately. (Rusling, David 1999) Shell The shell application inside the UNIX Plan9 system are set up for standard input and output connection to the editable text of the window with such features as its own private bitmap and multiplexed access to the keyboard, mouse and other graphical resources. The UNIX shell is commonly defined as the command line which provides the user interface for the actual operating system. By executing input commands, the shell will then execute those exact inputs. There are different shells that are available for Linux and is very much the same as UNIX in its description of how the shell application works. The following shells are available for Linux: Shell Name Developed by Where Remark BASH ( Bourne-Again SHell ) Brian Fox and Chet Ramey Free Software Foundation Most common shell in Linux.

Engineer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Engineer - Essay Example People have enabled themselves to travel to other continents in a matter of hours and to communicate instantly with others. The advancement in the engineering technology areas has shortened long distances and enabled humans to have more space and time. A new example of this is the Giant Telescope links to London from New York, underneath the Atlantic Ocean by the Internet Technology. I chose the Engineering program to equip myself with the proper knowledge to deal with the advancement of technology and the new inventions. One of my long-term professional and personal goals is to have my engineering program become my window for most of the advancements and to feed my interests in the science behind the inventions. Moreover, I need to build better experiences and apply what I have learned from my engineering theory putting it into practice at work. It is my aim to work for one of the industrial companies, to gain more experiences and skills and one day develop my own technology and/or manufacture it. Currently, I am planning to obtain my double major degree in Mechanical Engineering and Manufacturing Engineering and work in the industry. After gaining experiences in the professional field, I plan to obtain a master degree in Engineering Management to be able to learn managerial skills. Thus, I will be able to apply the management skills into my own factory in the future. Additional skills and discipline in working as a team member and in managing the time to accomplish tasks on time was gained throughout learning continuously in the school of engineering each quarter. I learned how to optimize my output and my group’s output within a fixed time frame. Moreover, the discipline that has been gained will continue in my life, to learn how to tackle challenges and how to overcome all obstacles in obtaining my goals. I learned how to utilize more than one resource for engineering science, to

The Benefits of Microcredit to Bangladesh Essay Example for Free

The Benefits of Microcredit to Bangladesh Essay Bangladesh, with a population of more than 140 million, is one of the most densely populated countries in the world. Almost half of the total population is still living below the poverty line earning less than $1 a day. The various dimensions of the country’s poverty are manifested in terms of inequality in income distribution (in favor of urban areas), wage differentials between the formal and informal sectors, dramatic increases in the cost of living, unemployment and internal migration. However, progress on a range of social indicators in Bangladesh over the last fifteen years has been striking in certain areas, and these have been endorsed largely to the mix of public and private service provision, including the pioneering approach of microfinance institutions (MFIs). The government of Bangladesh faces an enormous challenge in reducing its poverty. However, the government cannot act alone as it cannot command all the resources and personnel to maintain progress in poverty alleviation. The MFIs have taken a key role in poverty improvement efforts and have been providing credit to these poor people who lack savings and capital but want jobs in the farm and non-farm sectors. The banking sector in Bangladesh is dominated by the four state- owned commercial banks, but in addition there are five government owned specialized banks, 30 domestic private banks, and 12 foreign banks. A few of these banks do lend extensively to rural areas most don’t even look at the rural areas of the country for lending money. But the poor people do not get access to formal financial institutions due to the lack of physical collateral. Unlike other countries, Bangladesh does not a have a proper substructure of small banks operating at a local level, and thus a strong structure NGO microfinance sector had been developed in Bangladesh. These MFIs have been able to reach the poor with collateral-free loans at affordable costs and can thus help the poor become self-employed. The micro-finance sector in Bangladesh is one of the worlds largest. Bangladeshi MFIs are best known for their groundbreaking, large-scale provision of microfinance services, principally tiny collateral-free loans to poor women. Microcredit programs in Bangladesh are implemented by NGOs, Grameen Bank, state-owned commercial banks, private commercial banks, and specialized programs of some ministries of Bangladesh government. In the microfinance sector total loan outstanding is around TK 200 billion and savings TK140 billion that have been rendering among 30 poor people which help them to be self-employed that accelerates overall economic development process of the country. Through the financial services of microcredit, these poor people are engaging themselves in various income-generating activities and around 30 million poor people are directly benefited from microcredit programs. Credit services of this sector can be categorized into six broad groups: 1. General microcredit for small-scale self employment based activities, 2. Microenterprise loans, 3. Loans for ultra poor, 4. Agricultural loans, 5. Seasonal loans, and 6. Loans for disaster management. Loan amounts up to BDT 30,000 are generally considered as microcredit; loans above this amount are considered as microenterprise loans. The Microcredit Regulatory Authority (MRA), established by the government in August 2006, received applications from more than 5000 private institutions (NGO-MFIs). But, around 1000 applications of them were found to be very small organizations that had fewer than 1000 borrowers or less than the USD 58,000 in outstanding loans that is generally considered as the minimum initial operating portfolio of a single branched MFI to be sustainable. However, till June 2010 the MRA had approved licenses in favor of 552 NGOs and 2910 have been rejected due to not meeting licensing criteria, such as non-existence of operations at field, inappropriate registration as an NGO, inadequate financial information, and so on. Size and growth: According to the size of institutions in terms of the number of borrowers served, MRA categorizes MFIs into five major types: very large, large, medium, small and very small. There are only two very large MFIs, viz., BRAC ASA, each serving over four million borrowers. Table-2 shows year-wise number and percentage of the total number of institutions under these five categories for the last four years. Currently there are only 21 medium, 16 large and 2 very large MFIs operating in Bangladesh, together they constitute only 8 percent of the total. 92 percent NGO-MFIs are still either small or very small covering not more than 17 percent share of the market in terms of outreach and operations. Challenges: Despite certain success in reaching the poorer groups of households, it has been estimated that certain groups of extreme poor households do not take part in microcredit program. Geographical coverage of microcredit operation varies, with coverage thinnest in the poorer, more remote and less populous districts of the country’s north and southwest. Considering the geographical coverage of the MFIs in Bangladesh, more than 80 percent of the MF-NGOs have less than 5 branch offices and about half of them do not have any branch office at all. In recent years, there have been some efforts in reaching these households by offering more flexible repayment schedules with a smaller loan sizes. Several studies also show that 15-30 percent of microcredit members are from ‘non-target’ groups as also measured by householder’s land size. The success of microcredit programs depends on the following challenges: 1. Enhancing the Resources versus Reaching the Poor Client 2. Smaller versus Larger loan sizes 3. Increase in client-base versus Sustainability of MFIs Achievements: Women empowerment: Women are given equal access to the Grameen schemes as a result; they have raised their status, lessened their dependency on their husbands and improved their homes and nutritional standards of their children. 90% of women who used begging as a means of survival now have roof over their heads and can support themselves. Group Savings: Group Savings have proven successful as group lending. Group savings have reached 698 million taka (US $ 23 Million approx), out of which 570 million taka 9US 419 million) are saved by women. The bank requires its borrowers to save. Each borrower saves one taka (2-5 cents) each week. As of today Grameen bank has collected so much money that they can collectively buy the largest enterprise in the country. The poorest of the poor in the country are entering the coterie of the elites. Shift in the occupational pattern: There has been a shift in the occupational graph from agricultural waged labor considered socially inferior to self- employed petty trader. Micro-credit has succeeded in graduating the poor from poverty level to a self sustained position. Builds Trust among Poor: Grameen has put trust back into the picture. The working of the Grameen is largely through trust. It believes in the enormous potential of each and every human being given enabling environment, even the poorest of the poor can peel off doubts and start exploring their abilities to find a life with full human dignity. Spurs social change: Micro credit had done what billions of dollars worth of AWACS (Air Borne Warnings and Control System) and Patriot missiles cannot, for decades the west has tried to defeat fanatical extremists militarily, this has been bloody, costly and highly unsuccessful, but quietly every day, the attraction of the militant Islam is being blunted at the ballot box and in the people’s hearts and minds, than to the economic development of the poor. Micro credit helps solve a host of intractable, long-term social ills related to poverty. In Bangladesh the use of contraception is one of the first behaviors to change. In fact formation of groups of women to meet regularly helps in discussing new ideas and sharing information, this serves as a potent factor in bringing about broad based social change, otherwise women are isolated. In Bangladesh micro-credit has led to an increase in participation of people in the mainstream economic and political process of society, and overall human development . Very low default rate: The default rate is astonishingly low compared to what Bangladesh commercial banks suffer. It is about 2% as compared to about 70% for agricultural loans and 90% for industrial loans. Yunus Says† The difference lies in the psychology of the borrowers. The rich can evade the consequences of non- payment, the poor cannot. They value loan sharks so much; that they are only too grateful for once aims a lifetime opportunity to improve them†. Micro credit has graduated the rural poor from the informal capital market controlled by the moneylender and local elite to institutionalized banking. Positive impact on the families: Independent studies show that micro credit has a host of positive impacts on the families that receive it. A recent world bank study by Shahid Khondkar (2003) show that micro-credit programs operating in Bangladesh over a long period of time have produced a greater impact on extreme poverty than on moderate poverty.† The results of this study indicate that micro credit not only affects the welfare of participants and non-participants, but also the aggregate welfare at the village level. In fact even in disaster situations and post conflict areas, it has helped rebuild economic activities and livelihoods. Hence acting as the coping mechanisms of the poor. This was successfully demonstrated during the floods in Bangladesh in 1998 Problems and constraints: 1. How to expand the outreach of micro credit. 2. Lack of funds. 3. Lack of initiative in creating financing institutions. 4. Absence of legal framework for creating micro credit institutions. 5. Lack of conceptual clarity 6. Absence of regulatory framework United Nations response: United Nations: General Assembly Resolution 52/194. The report of the Secretary-General on the International Year for the Eradication of Poverty (1996) and the First United Nations Decade for the Eradication of Poverty (1997-2006), recognizes that people living in poverty are innately capable of working their way out of poverty with dignity, and they demonstrate creative potential to improve their situation when an enabling environment and the right opportunities exist. Noting that in many countries of the world, micro credit programmes, by providing access to small loans to people living in poverty, have succeeded in generating productive self-employment. Freeing the people from the bondage of poverty leading to their increasing participation in the mainstream economic and political processes of the society. The UN recognizes that micro credit programmers, in addition to their role in the eradication of poverty, have also been a contributing factor to the social and human development. Conclusion: Strengthening local government is one of the most desired institutional changes needed for poverty reduction. Decentralization and participation are the buzzwords. SHARE and ASA and GBUP in India, Nirdhan and SBP in Nepal, KASHF in Pakistan-All these are the leading replicas of Grameen Bank of Bangladesh. The question to be asked is why is it that the success rate of these institutions is not the same as that of its model i.e. the Grameen Bank? This needs to be looked into. The need of the hour is greater awareness and consciousness among the populace of the third world about the feasibility and the importance of the use of micro credit in their respective countries. GRAMEEN BANK†¦ The system of this bank is based on the idea that the poor have skills that are under-utilized. A group-based credit approach is applied which utilizes the peer pressure within the group to ensure the borrowers follow through and use caution in conducting their financial affairs with strict discipline, ensuring repayment eventually and allowing the borrowers to develop good credit standing. The bank also accepts deposits, provides other services, and runs several development-oriented businesses including fabric, telephone and energy companies. Another distinctive feature of the banks credit program is that the overwhelming majority (98%) of its borrowers are women. Grameen Bank continued to expand its outreach in Bangladesh in 2009 to bring new areas and new members within its operational fold. During the year, the bank opened 23 new branches bringing the total number of branches to 2,562 that dot the length and breadth of rural Bangladesh. Bank’s network40 Zonal, 268 Area and 2,562 branch level officesnow encompasses 83,458 or over 99% of the country’s nearly 84,000 villages located in 479 upazilas or sub-districts in all 64 districts of Bangladesh. A fresh batch of 300,413 people joined the Grameen family in 2009, swelling the aggregate number to a staggering 7.97 million members.

Equine Assisted Psychotherapy (EAP) for Addiction | Proposal

Equine Assisted Psychotherapy (EAP) for Addiction | Proposal Equine Assisted Psychotherapy (EAP): Can EAP help in the treatment of addiction? If one looks at the statistics for addiction, it is staggering. The annual cost to the NHS for alcohol abuse alone is  £3 billion, with an estimated population of recreational or addicted users of illicit drugs at 50 million (â€Å"Breaking the cycle,† 2006). The annual cost to Wales and England from drug abuse is greater than  £18.8 billion (â€Å"Breaking the cycle,† 2006). Goodman (1990) defines addiction to include the addict’s inability or failure to control their own behaviour and the continuation of said behaviour despite the presence of negative behavioural consequences. Addictions address many forms of deviant behaviour ranging from recreational or pharmaceutical drug use to gambling to sex to overeating. While the mechanism of addiction may vary, the profile of the addict is similar. Therefore, treatments to effectively treat addictions are critical. Although cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and/or the use of pharmaceutical agents are often prescribed to treat the addict, both of these methods are costly, can prove invasive and are time consuming than EAP, one of the newer alternative treatments for addicts (â€Å"Horse power, 2005). The origins of EAP began over 200 years ago when German physicians employed horseback riding for the treatment of hysteria related mental illness (Riede, 1988 as cited by Frewin Gardiner, 2005). While the employment of horseback riding has been shown to help the physical, psychomotor and psychological realms of the patient, EAP does not include horseback riding. Instead it incorporates exercises using the horse as a barometer. Researchers (Christensen, 2006; Schultz, Remick-Barlow Robbins, 2007; Frewin and Gardiner, 2005; Vidrine, Owen-Smith Faulkner, 2002) tell us that horses provide an immediate sense of feedback through their actions to the addict, often called mirroring that allows the addict to immediately realize what it is in their own behaviour that cause the reaction it did in the horse. â€Å"The client is encouraged to use interpretation and insight so that they can start developing new ways of being around the horse,† with themselves and in society. This allows the therapist to both see the horse as a therapeutic aid, but also a more important diagnostic tool (Thompson, 2005). Research (Thompson, 2005; â€Å"Equine assisted activities, 2006) tells us that when the patient learns how to connect with and automatically control the horse, they have the opportunity to learn how to control and better understand themselves. Mann and Williams (2002 as cited by Frewin Gardiner, 2005) cite an 82 percent improvement rate in conduct, mood and psychotic manifestations in patients who have tried conventional therapies for many years. The EAP basis for treatment of addictions believes that if you act on an addiction, you are most likely not connected to your own sense of emotions and self. Connecting with the horse requires that you do (Lavender, 2005 as cited by Thompson, 2005). EAP has been successfully used in the treatment of addiction by many famous dramatic personalities, such as Sophie Anderton, Be Affleck, Christian Slater and Robert Downey Jr. (Thompson, 2005) helping to increase their sense of â€Å"self-esteem, personal confidence, interpersonal effectiveness, trust, boundaries and limit setting† all of which are lacking in the addict, creating the weakness and dependency on detrimental substances or behaviour. Many addicted individuals do not seek treatment; however, for those that do, often the wait is 18 months or longer due to the limited funding for mental health treatment in the UK (â€Å"Addition Today,† 2007) whereas EAP is available at The Priory, a north London clinic. As alternatives to standard NHS sponsored CBT and pharmaceutical treatment are sorely needed, this dissertation proposes research into the effectivity of EAP in the treatment of addiction. Aims This dissertation asks the following research questions: Is it possible to prove the therapeutic efficacy of EAP? Is EAP an effective and quicker therapeutic substitute for the treatment of addictions than cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT)? Is EAP helpful in the treatment of addictions? Based on answering these research questions this dissertation seeks to prove the following two hypotheses: Those suffering from addictions find EAP is a powerful and effective therapeutic technique for the treatment of their addictions. Those providing treatment find EAP an ethical approach to the treatment of addictions. Method Research for this dissertation will consist of a formal literature review and a dual-leg qualitative study. The literature review will be conducted using a series of academic searches for information through library systems, online academic systems and other subscription based professional research databases, such as Questia or Highbeam. Similarly, professional psychological and medical sites and associations will be reviewed for current literature as well as those professional sites developed for specialized research into alcohol addiction and related topics. Governmental, national and world health associations will also be reviewed for current literature as well as research and development efforts and governmental initiatives. All articles chosen must be written in English, be published in the last 15 years, be published in professional journals and be authored by credible and qualified professionals in their respective fields. Following the literature review, this researcher will conduct a dual leg qualitative study composed of both interpersonal interviews and a survey instrument. Addicts who have participated in both standard treatment and EAP will be utilized for interviews and will be recruited through notices posted at EAP treatment centres, 12 step recovery meeting. After signing appropriate waivers for both taping the interviews and potentially using quotations as appropriate from interviews, interviewees will be asked a series of questions designed to elicit open-ended responses. All care will be taken to prevent researcher bias by asking each participant the same questions in the same manner and order. Survey participants will be comprised of therapists specialising in addiction and will be recruited through direct mailings to therapists and therapy centres specialising in addiction with questions on the instrument focusing on treatment for addiction, efficacy of CBT, efficacy of pharmaceutical ag ents, efficacy of EAP and the ethical considerations of each treatment modality. Although a phenomenological approach has limitations due to potential researcher bias in theme identification and in participants self-reporting what they believe the research wants to hear, Gorgio (2002, p. 136) believes effective researchers can identify and obtain â€Å"a clarification of the conditions from human subjects the descriptive phenomenological method implements this strategy. Indeed, it is an extension of the very spirit of science.† Ashworth (2003, p. 145) tells us that phenomenological psychology in the UK focuses on the interrogation of real world experiences, such that both participant and researcher can focusing on the problems or situation and apply meaning based on context and content. Analysis Consistent with a phenomenological approach, the analysis will be performed through the use of theme identification when reviewing group interview transcripts from which to prove or disprove the dissertation hypothesis. Questionnaires will be statistically analysed using frequency distributions based on the Likert-scale responses. Workplan *May vary slightly due to holiday schedules References The Addiction Recovery Foundation. (2007). Addiction Today. Retrieved 14 August 2007, from The Addiction Recovery Foundation website: http://www.addictiontoday.org Ashworth, P. (2003). An approach to phenomenological psychology: The contingencies of lifeworld. Journal of Phenomenological Psychology, 34(2), 145 – 156. Breaking the Cycle of Addiction. (2006). The Living Room. Retrieved 14 August 2007, from The Living Room website: http://thelivingroom.me.uk/stats.htm Christensen, M. (2006, 25 April). The healing power of horses: Equine therapy helps emotionally distressed. Times-News (Twin Falls, Idaho). Retrieved 14 August 2007, from the Highbeam professional database website: http Equine assisted activities. (2006). Palaestra, 22(3), 48. Frewin, K. Gardiner, B. (2005). New age or old sage? A review of equine assisted psychotherapy. Australian Journal of Counselling and Psychology, 6, 13 – 17. Goodman, A. (1990). Addiction: Definition and implications. British Journal of Addiction, 85(11), 1403 – 1408. Gorgio, A. (2002). The question of validity in qualitative research. Journal of Phenomenological Psychology, 33(4), 135-147. Horse power; Olivia Stewart-Liberty was at the end of her tether until she tried a new therapy thats already a hit in Hollywood. Meet the four-legged therapist who got her back in the saddle. (2005, 18 November). The Evening Standard (London, England). Retrieved 14 August 2007, from the Highbeam professional database website: http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-2581505.html Schultz, P. N., Remick-Barlow, G. A. Robbins, L. (2007). Equine assisted psychotherapy: A mental health promotion/intervention modality for children who have experienced intra-family violence. Health and Social Care in the Community 15(3), 265 – 271. Thompson, J. (2005, 23 October). The Priory enlists horses to treat the anxious, the angry and the † The Independent on Sunday. Retrieved 14 August 2007, from The Findarticles database website: http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4159/is_20051023/ai_n15720133 Vidrine, M. I., Owen-Smith, P. Faulkner, P. (2002). Equine-facilitated group psychotherapy: Applications for therapeutic vaulting. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 23(6), 587 – 603.

Effective Leadership In the NHS

Effective Leadership In the NHS The rapid technological developments particularly in the sectors of information technology and communication and the phenomenon of globalization create a new society more competitive and they impose continuous technological and qualitative upgrade of services that is offered in the consumers. This changes affect in the growth and in the metamorphosis of economy and society. Independent from their objective that is the maximization of profit most organisms either it is commercial enterprises or for not speculative organizations as universities and hospitals try for the best possible so that they acquire sufficient share of market. However, the most sensitive sector is the sector of health because it concerns with human lives. The context and challenges for health and healthcare across the Europe are changing rapidly and in many cases are converging. In this paper ..will try to introduce and analyze the topic of leadership in NHS. Firstly, given the general definition of leadership, because leadership has a lot of different ways to be fixed. Leaders today must be deeply knowledgeable about the past, widely informed about the present, and willing to substitute the common good for their own.(David Pierpont Gardner , On leadership) Before we get started, lets try to define leadership. The leadership is difficult to be fixed precisely. Have become a lot of efforts of determination leadership in organizations of Britain but there are many different opinions about it and its determination are problematic. There are many definitions as to what leadership is: it is something that is easily recognized, but not easily defined. So Hersey and Blanchard defined leadership as the process of influencing the activities of an individual or a group in efforts toward goal achievement in a given situation, (Transformational Leadership in Health Care by Joan Trofino). Also, leadership is the relationship between the leader and the led that induces followers to act for certain goals that represent the wants and needs of both parties. (Burns 1970s). One thing is clear; leadership is a process where a leader influences the direction of a unit in achieving its objective in a given situation. The leadership from its nature includes t he element of control and the force to influenced the behavior of persons, it can be formal or informal and be concerned a big or small team of persons respectively. In any group of children or adults, there are those who step forward to organize people and events to achieve a specific result. For the leaders of health care, leadership can be defined as a dynamic process of seeking a vision for change in which the leader is supported by two main groups: fans within its own organization, and influential agents external organizations that work to the outside of leader environment. However, a good approach of leadership can become if we return in the typology of Weber that determines three types of leaders: the reasonable lawyer, the charismatic, and the traditional. Also, Robert Blake and Jane Mouton managerial grid. Other styles of leadership which indentified in the literature are the democratic, autocratic, bureaucratic, laissez faire, and employee controlled. Likert (1974). After research that became in enough organizations of Great Britain for the leadership existed a lot of and different opinions(Alimo Metalifare). The three types of leaders according to the typology of Weber present itself in most of organizations in Great Britain but are not attributed equally well in the organization of all, for this reason has begun to take shape a new model of leadership the transformational model. The key word so that it copes a modern economic unit and concretely a modern organism of health is the leadership. There are many elements to a campaign. Leadership is number one. Everything else is number two. (Anthony T. Dadovano -Bernd Brecher.   Bernd Brecher on Leadership). The successes and the failures of each constituted social structure (associations, enterprises, states) are attributed at a very significant percentage in their leadership. This fact makes the leadership one of the most important parameters that determine the good operation and the development of each social organization small or big. Successful organizations are those which have leaders smart, creative to think quickly, have training in administration, fluent in speaking, persuasive, knowledgeable about group task and have a vision to work and communicate effectively. Effective leadership is essential if a health services organization is to provide high-quality care and succeed financially. Effective leadership is a key ingredient in modernizing todays health services. Better leadership means better patient care and improved working practices for NHS staff. (NHS Modernization Agency, 2004a). Leadership ensures that the organization works successfully and accomplishes the desired goals. The functionals in the sector of health seek from a side the benefit of medical care and from other side trying for restraint the cost. In the NHS there is lack of leadership skills and developing methods but it has been recognized and their development is a high priority. Leaders are the key to the delivery of quality care in an organization. Burns (1987) was the first who reported in two innovative type of leadership, which can be corresponded successfully in the requirements of NHS. This type of leadership is the Transactional Leadership and the Transformational Leadership. The Transactional Leadership is based on exchange theory that includes performance bonus and compensation with exchange the successful execution of the work which assigned to the group. Here there is two standards of action: the contingent reward and the management by exception.(Kurz 1998). According to Bass (1985) the four main characteristics of transactional leadership are: charisma, inspiration, spiritual momentum, individualized approach. This type of leadership tends to maintain the current operational status of the organization. The leader seeks to maintain the overall structure of the system through the control and partial upgrading of structures and processes. For example, in a university hospital whatever changes could be done in personnel and equipment, it would be remained university oriented in research and education. The transformational leadership according to Burns (1978) happen when one or more people involved and cooperate with their manner in order to the leaders and colleagues to push each other to ever higher levels of motivation and incentive for greater efficiency. The main difference from the transactional leadership is that the leader here seeks to change the entire organizational culture and structures of organism. According to Bass (1984) the transformational leadership has three characteristics: The transformational leadership might be lead to most successful and sustainable solutions if it combined with the already existing process of transactional leadership. The Vision of transformational leader to have success in the future is to secure the consent of all the factors of organism, and makes the environment more receptive to the introduction of innovative methods and modes of action. Leadership and management are two meanings obviously like, but not identical. Many people confuse management with leadership. Leadership is much more than management. It is more an art than an ability, which making others want something that you are convinced should be done. Leadership is closely tied with the terms of strength, power and influence. Leaders must have supporters to be successful. Leaders are they who go to the front, they brought profound changes and innovations, in addition to managers who are they try to improve the efficiency of operation in a fixed place with a controlled way. Although leadership and management are both important, Bennis and Nanus identified a profound difference between the two: Managers are people who do things right and leaders are people who do the right things.( Transformational Leadership in Health Care by Joan Trofino). The environment of health care is so complex and powerful and contains a variety of disciplines to help them function properly. As long as more highly a leader want to reach an organization of health, so much more needs the leading faculty and influence. The influence that it can have the leadership is very important for the achievement of objectives. The leadership should prompt the persons to follow its even from curiosity. This effort was not small time duration, but long-lasting and laborious, otherwise would be failed. This proves that leadership developed day with the day and no in one day. The healthcare sector needs leaders who can communicate verbal with others, setting goals, have adaptability to changes, take risks. The leaders in the NHS must make the right choice of people who constitute their team, inspire and empower them to achieve their best. The right leadership should be draw rightly the processes that are required to be followed as well as the time and the way of pursuing them, so that is achieved the objective. Its application in NHS it would be predetermines course of action, places the objectives, adapts the priorities, informs the basic collaborators, leaves time margin for the acceptance, impetuously advances in the action, waits for that it will have problems, re-examines daily the drawing. The leadership should see the future developing the experience of past and taking ideas from executives and from the remainder personnel, which is required for the achievement of objectives. If the leadership has powerful character, the persons entrust it and they entrust its faculty to unfold their dynamism. This not only gives in the personnel of health sector hope for the future but also promotes their faith in and in their organism. Each time in the NHS where the leadership is found front on a problem, the leaders should park it immediately and try to solve using the perspicacity. Of course, the perspicacity combine itself with good knowledge of object, and with who tactic to apply or who objective to place, so that it prompts the workers in the organism to function in the right direction of his achievement with enthusiasm and effectiveness. Furthermore, important role in the guidance of leadership for the realization of objectives play the faculty of choice of resources and their way of exploitation. The leadership should see each situation with criterion the available resources e.g. money, raw material, technology and, more important, the available human resources. Never it should not it forgets that the more precious resource they are the persons. The effective leadership has always aimed at the successful outcome of any effort. Three ingredients are required to have the leadership to reach success in NHS: a) vision to inspire all employees, b) ability to develop various skills, such as executives who each have different talents and c) dedication to the success of this objective and pass it around the body. Which effort would do and what time will do is very important for a successful outcome. The choice of timing for taking the appropriate action is very important because the wrong action at wrong time is sure to lead to negative results, the right move at the wrong time will bring resistance to the wrong move at the right time is wrong and only right move at the right time leads to success. Effective leaders give positive reinforcement and they should be admit when they are wrong. It makes people feel comfortable asking them for help and advice. The leadership eventually to be able to achieve its objectives, must maximize every resource available to the benefit of the organization. Especially, in the NHS should be combined in an optimal way all the available resources where there are, especially human resources (doctors, nurses, administrators, technicians). Because the sector of health is more complex and the NHS aim is to promote the establishment of a comprehensive health services designed to secure improvement in the physical and mental health of the people of England and Wales and the prevention diagnosis and treatment of illness (The New Politics of the NHS, Rudolf Klein 2006), this will require leaders and managers to develop new skills and innovate practices. Leaders must have the right tools to make decisions and to provide the best solution for their organism. Finally, leaders in the NHS have to be both accountable and transparent in their decision-making for sure, but they also need to be open to the other peoples point of view, to be visionary and capable of communicating that vision and motivating others to achieve their best for the benefit of patient care. Also require the ability to empower other healthcare personnel. The competence and creativity of managers and leaders at all levels in health care will be fundamental to the effective implementation of the health strategy. Being a healthcare leader today means being faced with daunting challenges, including complex organizational structures, unfamiliar operational and strategic issues, rapid change, and lack of time. Overcoming these obstacles requires new leadership competencies and a renewed attention to traditional competencies. These competencies are rooted in leadership values that give you focus in turbulent times, that help you deal with stress and that help you align others during organizational change. Apart from the effective leadership that is the most important elements that are required in the NHS, it also required planning and organization. In order to exists effective leadership will be supposed exist right organization and planning, because the organization is the process that in each worker is given some concrete work and the planning fixes what should become for this. The combination of this three elements with a creative and charismatic leader can compose in the NHS the essential elements for its success. Demands for healthcare are unpredictable, especially in the 4 NHSs in the United Kingdom because they exist in different geographically distant locations, with different culture and different needs of people. CONCLUSION This paper has explored the leadership in the healthcare field and has the aim of providing an easy way for effective leadership in it, and related research flowing from the  key findings of the independent inquiry in Carmarthenshire, with the aim of providing a  practical way forward for healthcare leaders pursuing system change. Strengthening  organisational leadership and capacity for inter-organisational collaboration requires a  combination of long-term investments in building relationships and trust, and in  developing a culture in which senior leaders are role models of cooperation. Although it  has not been possible to cover all issues in depth, hopefully the paper provides practical  ideas for healthcare leaders in developing their leadership style, executive teams, interpersonal  relationships, and inter-organisational relationships and collaboration.  Thus, for example, some researchers have focused on studying who leaders  are and on what leaders do, s pecifically, through the identification of those  personal attributes which differentiate those individuals who are perceived as  leaders, or who act in the role of leader. Conversely, others have focused  more on what leaders do, and how they do it. Thus, more recent research  has focused attention on the relationship between leaders and followers,  which has come to be seen as the study of leadership behaviour, rather than  just leader behaviour. In parallel, some writers have stressed the need to  study followership, not only because all leaders are also followers, but also  because modern notions of leadership place considerable emphasis on the  power and importance of followers in ultimately enabling leadership to have  greatest effect (e.g., Hollander, 1978; Lee, 1993). connectedness with stakeholders, internal and external to the organisation, the development of leadership in others by empowerment and encouraging the questioning of approaches to ones job and the way in which service is delivered Medical practices and hospitals spend great sums of money building and renovating facilities and purchasing new equipment, but relatively little time or effort developing a better ubderstanding of the people who work in them. Healthcare leaders need to undersyand the nature of healthcare organizations and the work they do (to improve organizational performance we need to understand human performance People with a high level of need for achievement tend to prefer situations in which we can take personal responsibility for solving problems. we have little understanding of how and why some persons are more effective leaders than others. The truth is that anyone can be an effective leader. They just need to find the right balance between social, moral and business aspects of leadership.   An effective leader is generally someone that leads by example and other people just tend to follow because they believe what they do is the right thing. Think of anyone you have looked up to in the past, were they an honest individual that put others before themselves? That is a quality of effective leadership. Being honest gives a person credibility and result in other people trusting and believing in that person. Effective leaders lead by example and merely invite others to come along with them. Keeping promises is another sign of effective leadership. They believe in others and never fail to reward or compliment someone when they see they are doing well.. Effective leaders admit when they are wrong and admit when they make mistakes. Everyone is human and makes a mistake at one time or another. Its how a person handles a mistake that gives them a certain leadership quality Good listening skills are a big part of effective leadership. A person who is willing to listen to problems or concerns an employee or a friend may have will give them more information. Therefore, the effective leader can make a well-informed and thought out decision.  . Effective leadership is about asking or requesting a person to do something, not commanding them. Effect leaders make recommendations to follow.   Effective leaders are willing to get their hands dirty. They realize that they are more than just a figure head or a boss. Most of the quality workshops will focus on certain aspects of leadership training. Strong language skills and effective words to express effective leadership are inherent to the programs and they are great ways to deal with staff communication. In conclusion leadership has a high correlation with all elements of the organizational learning system and it is a means to leverage knowledge through organizational learning.

The Music Of Generation X Essay -- essays research papers

The Music of Generation X Since the beginning of time the human beings have adored the soothing sounds of music. Music has affected the way people have behaved and dressed throughout different periods of time. Different groups have been formed based upon their preference in music. Take for an example in the music of my generation, Generation X, there are several different groups oriented by music. In Generation X punks, gangs, alternative people, ravers, hippies, and pop rockers have all been labeled into groups by their preference of music. Music has also affected people mentally, causing problems in society like suicide, depression, hate/racism, violence, and drug addiction. I am about to examine five different song lyrics of my generation to demonstrate the different tones and concerns they convey onto society and my generation. The first song I would like to analyze is "Jane Says" by Jane's Addiction. The main theme in "Jane Says" is escaping drug use and addiction. This song is basically set in a low class area. Jane is a girl who has had a heroine addiction. Her personal boundaries have been invaded and she wants out of the habit, "I'm gonna kick tomorrow†¦". She goes through depression and withdrawal, "She gets mad/And she starts to cry." Then the songs continues by talking about loneliness. Drug addiction is often the background for much of the music in today's society. People tend to idolize famous people and when they see or hear of their idols using drugs or drinking they follow the actions of the famous people. Another song in which I am going to discuss is written by The Smashing Pumpkins. "Tonight, tonight" is a song about growing up. The song stresses the importance of time and how precious it is, "time is never time at all/you can never ever leave without leaving a piece of youth/ and our lives are forever changed/ we will never be the same." This song brings an opening light to society and makes them feel good and at the same time depressed. The music in our generation is real deep in it's tone, the feelings music can generate is amazing. Say you are listening to a happy song your mood will genuinely be happy, then say you heard a slow deep meaningful song your attitude will change somewhat. However there is different mus... ...s of depression and loss of reality. The song looks at the downfalls in our society and how things went wrong. The line, "What ever happened to the Golden Rule?" says enough to explain my thoughts. The Golden Rule in my opinion is a major norm in our society, and with that out of the way everything is really unfriendly and depressing. "Looking for hope in a hopeless world" explains that people are trying to come out and have a life, but there are so many drawbacks that they are often stuck. The song also says that you have to keep trying: You've got to listen to the voice inside Peace and love don't compromise Time is passing by Can't be standing still. Music in Generation X has had more affect on society than any other generation has had. More social groups have been formed and many more feelings have been expressed through our music. Society is overall effected by music and always will be. s

How Can We Tell What Is Good Or Bad? :: essays research papers

How Can We Tell What Is Good Or Bad? To tell what is good or bad, a person needs to consider what he or she considers to be morally sound and immoral. A persons morals are taught by their parents and from the society from which they are raised. Society is not worried about what is good or bad, but how to obtain money and power. Money and power can dilute the values of what people judge morally right. While the moral way of living would be to work a normal forty hour week to earn income, the easy and immoral way is to lie and cheat in their occupation to obtain promotions and benefits. Aristotle said, Every art and every "scientific investigation", as well as every action and "purposive choice," appears to aim at some good, hence the good has rightly been declared that which all things aim (Aristotle, 517). Today society is not aimed at good. This society has become a "me" society. People are thinking of "me,me,me" rather than thinking of the good of others. This society has found it acceptable for a football superstar to be found with an illegal drug to depart the judicial system with probation and again to play football. This is a true example of how people today in our society live their dreams through celebrities. People idolize immoral sport stars instead of holding in a higher regard common everyday people, who are God fearing, hard working, and ethically moral. While in this society it is hard to tell what is true, it is also hard when compared with other societies. For example, some European countries have legalized the use of mild drugs. These countries have attributed this toward less crime. Putting the question of right or wrong on the individual rather than, in our case, the government. In America the majority consider legalization of drugs wrong, but has it really worked our way? Are not alcohol and tobacco just as dangerous, causing mind altering effects, attributing to deaths and diseases everyday? Why are not these illegal? The reason is because people in our society hold a higher regard for the "almighty dollar" rather than the safety and health of their fellow man! Apparently this society has a double-standard. On one hand advertising and sending messages telling kids to "Don't Do Drugs", but on the other hand televising, for all the world to hear, a president admitting to smoking marijuana and hearing him laugh about it. This society expects the best out of kids, but rewards people who take shortcuts. Showing kids it is easier to live an immoral life rather than a moral one!

Cars Versus motorcycles Essay

In the united states many people buy cars and motorcycles. Some people prefer driving cars rather than motorcycles. Both are very popular types of transportation these days. Cars and motorcycles have many differences in their cost, convenience ,safety, comfort and maintenance. The first difference between cars and motorcycles are the cost. For example, people need to pay a lot of money if they want to buy or lease a car. However, motorcycles are cheaper to rent or buy. Also, cars are more convenient than motorcycles. For instance, cars can transport many people but motorcycles do not do it. Also, cars have air condition and people can listen music while they drive. Other, advantages have a car is another person can drive for someone when he is drunk. Motorcycles are most popular in young people because is most exciting, easy to parking and avoids traffic. The second important difference is safety. For example, cars have seat beats and air bags can protect the drivers. However ,in motorcycles, people only can use helmet, so drivers are fragile. Also, cars have a cage most protectors in case of accident than motorcycles. Although, the car insurance is the most expensive than motorcycles it covers all damage. Also, people in motorcycle need to use sunglasses for protect their eyes. In case of terrible accident people in motorcycle died, so cars are most safety. Other essential differences are comfort and maintenance .Motorcycles do not have comfort because seats are very awkward. However ,cars have soft seats and if it is raining people will not get wet. When people need to change oil and tires, it is very expensive. Also, cars are most difficult to repair and use a lot of gas. However ,motorcycles are too easy repair because do not have a big motor. Motorcycles are not difficult to maintain. In conclusion ,cars and motorcycles are very different in their cost, convenience, safety, comfort and maintenance. A lot of people buy cars or motorcycles, it is a very common type of transportation .Each person buys a vehicle that they like for their features.

Family relationships Essay

Mary Shelley, the author of ‘Frankenstein’ portrays a resurrected creature as either a victim or a monster depending on the reader’s response. In the following essay I am going to explore whether Frankenstein’s creature is a victim or monster; how Mary Shelley put this across in the novel and how Mary has created complicated complex characters. A victim is considered to be someone or something that is: â€Å"harmed or killed by another†; â€Å"harmed by or made to suffer from an act or circumstance† or â€Å"A person who is tricked, swindled taken advantage of†. The word originates from Latin, ‘Victima’, which is defined as â€Å"a person or animal sacrificed to a god†. These definitions link to Frankenstein’s creature because he is sacrificed to knowledge and science; injured emotionally and because of Victor’s obsessions is made to suffer. Also William, Justine, Elizabeth, Victor and the other characters who are harmed, killed and made to suffer would be considered a victim. A monster as defined in the dictionary is: â€Å"legendary animal combining features of animal and human form†; â€Å"any creature so ugly as to frighten people†; â€Å"a person who excites horror by wickedness, cruelty, etc†; â€Å"Any animal or thing huge in size†; â€Å"an animal or plant of abnormal form or the absence of certain parts or organs†. The Story of Frankenstein is extremely famous and Frankenstein’s creature has become a legendary ‘monster’ because of the popular novel: he could be described as legendary and combining animal and human forms due to his mannerisms. Mary Shelley describes the creature as monstrous because he frightens people with his ugliness; becomes cruel and perform horrendous acts. Dr Frankenstein would describe the creature as a cruel and wicked person for killing his family so is therefore monstrous. Theses monstrous actions are counteracted by Dr Frankenstein’s actions because he abandons his ‘son’. Mary Shelley makes links between her life and the novel. This could be to make the novel more original and personal to her and gives a more realistic setting and set of events to novel. Examples of this are: in August 1797 Mary was born and her parents had an ethical opposition to marriage but in March, 5 months earlier to her birth, they married to give their daughter ‘social respectability’. This relates to ‘Frankenstein’ because marriage is portrayed as negative when Elizabeth gets killed after her and Victor marries. On the 10th of September, 1797 Mary Wollstonecraft, Mary’s mother dies 10 days after her birth. This links with Victor’s life because his mother dies of Scarlet fever after nursing Justine, being close to his mother this makes him think about reviving people from the dead. Having an interesting but ‘unusual’ childhood in the novel she describes Victor’s childhood as perfect in contrast to her own. We know this in the following ways: Victor’s parents had a happy marriage. Evidence of this is ‘there was a considerable difference between the ages of my parents, but this circumstance seemed to unite them, only closer in bond of devoted affection. ‘ This shows us that Victor has a strong parent relationship as his parent’s age difference seemed to unite them we also know that Victor’s parents loved him because Mary Shelley wrote ‘my mother’s tender caresses and my father’s smile of benevolent pleasure while regarding me are my first recollections’. This emphasises the strong family bond the Frankenstein family have and shows his fist memories are positive and of his parents love for him. This links with Mary Shelley’s family relationships because in contrast to Victor’s parents, her mother and father were ’emotionally distant’ like Victor and the creature. The Greek myth of Prometheus is said to be linked in to Frankenstein because Shelley wrote a second title to the novel, ‘the Modern Prometheus’. This is because in the story of Prometheus in order to help people Prometheus stole Zeus’s fire from the sun so people would have an advantage over animals since they were given the ability to make weapons and tools. As punishment, Zeus chained Prometheus to a rock where eagles ate his liver when night fell. But when day broke the next day his liver grew back for the eagle to eat again. This torture was to last for an eternity. Eventually, Hercules slew the eagles and released Prometheus. This was to counterbalance the gift of fire the Zeus sent Pandora to earth with her box of evils. Dr Frankenstein wanted to help people by giving them an advantage over animals by resurrecting the dead and stealing people’s peaceful resting. As a punishment, his creation destroyed: his mental well being by obsession to make it; his family by killing them and his life. Overall the myth of Prometheus and the modern Prometheus are about good intentions leading to negative things and life changing experience. In 1817, Percy Shelley (Mary Shelley’s husband) and Byron discussed galvanism which is the idea of reanimating things using electricity. An Italian physicist, Lugi Galvani demonstrated what we now know to be the electrical basis of nerve impulses. Mary Shelley included these ideas in the novel and took scientific experiments to the extreme. Mary Shelley uses different narrators’ point of view in a ‘Russian doll’ narrative structure which changes the narrators as another character tells a different side of the story. She uses different people to help the reader feel like they are going deeper into the story. The different characters have their own different opinions of Frankenstein’s creature just like the reader so our opinions change as we read/hear the story through a different pair of eyes. The three different narrators are: Walton, a sea captain who writes to his sister who tells her about Victor. Victor is the second narrator who tells Walton about his life which comes to the meeting of his creature who then becomes the third narrator. The different perspectives and angles are each biased and as a result the reader sympathises with Victor when he’s telling the story and the ‘monster’ when he narrates. Mary Shelley originally wrote ‘Frankenstein’ beginning from the resurrecting the creature but later added Walton’s narrative. Captain Walton, a sea captain, venturing out to the Artic gives a similar plot to Victor Frankenstein’s. This added section seemed to be slightly random but links as the story unfolds when Victor is found. Walton gives the reader a first impression on Victor, whom he rescues from the harsh bitterly cold of the Artic. Walton description of Victor makes the reader sympathise with his appearance. Walton describes him as ‘his limbs were nearly frozen, and his body dreadfully emaciated by fatigue and suffering’ Mary Shelley includes this because it provides a comparison when Walton describes his admiration to Victor. We know he admires Victor because he writes to his sister ‘he is so gentle, yet so wise; his mind is so cultivated, and when he speaks although his words are culled with choicest art, yet they flow with rapidity and unparallel eloquence. ‘ Walton’s admiration to Victor makes the reader also admire him so therefore is more likely to believe the positive recollection of Victor’s story because two opinions support it. Lost, Victor confides in his saviour as he tells Walton the story of how obsession led to death and this also is a warning to Walton’s obsession for fame and glory. Frankenstein begins with his childhood where Mary Shelley describes this as perfect we know this when she writes; ‘My mother’s tender caresses and my father’s smile of benevolent pleasure while regarding me are my first recollections’. This shows Shelley has made a contrast with Victor’s childhood and later on in his life. This also emphasises his parent’s love, his perfect life and his fond memories of his childhood. This also provides dissimilarity with that of the creature. Frankenstein’s creature never has a perfect life, fatherly love and fond memories. At the beginning the reader does not sympathise with Victor’s privileged background until his mother dies of Scarlet fever: Shelley included this effect to get Victor thinking about life and death and gives an emotionally felt reason to unearth and discover the secret of immorality.